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"GRIP'S"

4istorical Souvenir of Seneca palls, jM.Y,

Twc,<Jopies Received

, APR 12 1904 Copyright Entry

CLASS C^XXc. No.

c< — ■

HisTORicAu Souvenir Series Ko- 17

SiNECflpflLiLtS,f4.Y.A^°VlGmiTY

Copyrit^htfd, '(iri))", 1(H* Cornintir Ave., Syracuse, N. Y.

[IUUUSXRAXEE>J

Prudeii, Photo. I'AKK AND SOLDI!-

First Waiii School.

DESCRIPTION OF SENECA FALLS

Sl'.Xl'XW I'Al.l.S, a village "f (',,300 population, of Ijcautiliil homes, modern ami substantial business blocks, ilelightfulK- shaded streets, is the largest \'illag(^ in Seneca couutw Located on a plateau considerab]\- higher than Ca\uga lake (which is but two miles east), cut i)v natural ravines trending to the Seneca river which tlows through the village and divides it into two almost equal parts — the village possesses .advantages in natural drainage which the citizens ha\'e awiiled tliemsehi's of for sewerage; and the place is therefore liealthful. l'".ight miles to the west is Seneca lake and iS miles north Lake ( )ntario.

'Two com]ieiing railroads insure shippers reason- able freight rates, the Auburn divisiou of the New York Central oxer which the distanci- to SxTacuse is 40 miles and to Rochester 00 miles, ami a spur of the Lehigh "\'alley railroad connecting with the main line of th;it svstem in this state at Cicneva^ ten miles west. Its terminus is now in Seneca l-'alls, but as this article is loeing writt<'n ])lans are

RS' MOXT'MENT.

Mynderse Academy.

uncler wa\" to continue the construction of the line oil t(i Auburn, ifi miles east, thence bevoiid to S\Tacuse.

Two e\j3ress companies, the .Vnierican and the I'nited States, and the two telegraph companies, the Western Union and Postal, aHord all of the facilities for express and telegrajdiv that am- interior coin- munitv possesses. There are three widl conducted hotels.

A trollev line connects this \illage with Waterloo and Geneva, and before this work is published it will \)c continuous on bevond (iene\a to Rochester, the road being now nearlv c-ompleted. The gap between Seneca kails and Auburn, from which latter place tr(dle\- cars arc" running into Sxracuse, is to be occu- pied in the course of another vear. A trolley to the towns in the south end of the county, connecting Seneca l'"alls with Ithaca is also projected.

On the shore of Cavuga lake, connected with Seneca kails by trolley, is an attractive resort where there are maiiv summer homes as well as places for public amusement. Cayuga lake offers the best fishing, principally bass and pickerel, many of large size being caught e\erv vear.

/^^,

^^v/^

^

'GRIPS' HISTORICAL SOU\'ENTR OF SEXKCA FALLS.

3

TlVe social and educational advantages of Seneca alls are not in the least inferior to any inhmd vil-

i^e and are in fact superior to many. Tliere is a ubiic school system which ranks hioh, comprising n academy, the far-famed Mynderse, and three raded schools, managed bv a hoard of education finsisting of men selected lor their al)ilit\-, and imder If tutorship of a carefully chosen, able faculty; and lere is also a high grade boarding school for boys, lumsey Hall, conducted by a lady eminently fitted ) give the boys who are recei\ed in her school the est advantages. The large Catholic jiarish sup- oj"ts a parochial sihool of eminent standing which

in charge of the Sisters of St. .losepli.

Society in Seneca I'alls surrounds the home life of le village with an atmosphere of culture anil retme- lent, its encompassing lines drawing into mutual

Three banking institutions provide an abundance of capital, loaned and invested in a conservative HraJi, ■ gi\ing to the business man ample banking facilities, and the small savings a safe place of deposit. They are the Fxchange National and the State liank of Seneca I'"alls, and the Seneca I'alls S;i\-ings liank.

There are two old and well i-stablislicd \\('(-kl\' newspapers, the Seneca Count\ L'ourifr-.loLii ii.il and the Seneca Falls Re\'eille, both edited and puhlislicd bv men whose social and business relations witli the community inspire them to support such |niblirmcas' lu'es as will best advance and maintain tlir intcn-sts of the \illage. These papers ha\e a wide cireidation through Seneca and adjacent counties and wield an influence that onl\- the long established and largely read newspa|)ers of the country connnand.

The \illage is go\erned hv a president and a Ijoard

Pruilen, Photo. FALL STREET, NOKTH SIDE, LOOKING WEST KHO.M CAVLGA STliEET.

mpanionship the people of the community as they of eight trLis

The natural advantages

iturally gravitate towards the several circles into hich a large community resolves itself.

Nearly ever}' fraternity is represented by a large id prosperous lodge or chapter, e.xtending a wel- une to the members of their respective orders, from hatever section thev may come, who bring sufficient edentials of their good standing in tlie order.

The connnunitv is favored by church influences as -oad and Christian like as the doctrines they pro-

macadamized streets and for surface drainage has delayed the ( (instruction of pa\'ements and sewers, without unfa\'orably affecting the health of the community or its convenience. But these improve- ments are projected and will undoubtedly come in the near future.

Real estate in which Seneca I^'alls has always dis- played an enterprising activity is generally in good demand. During the past fourteen months more

ss. The clergy are liberal minded and intelligent than a score of dwellings have been constructed, and id earnest in their efforts to uplift the morals of the are generally paying good rentals. At the present

immunity. Tiiere are seven well constructed,spacious luses of worship, some of tiiem very tasteful and im- )sing architecturally. They are of denominations, piscopalian, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, Meth- list, Catholic, Baptist and Wesleyan Methodist.

writing new business blocks are approaching com- pletion. The main business street is well built, of new and with some imposing structures. ,\t tiie same time business is overflowing into lateral avenues, and stores are being opened in some of the resi dental

•GRIPS' HISTORICAL sr)L-\-l-:\IR OF SEXFXA FALLS.

quarters of the town convenient to the homes.

The retail trade of Seneca Falls includes no small ■part of a prosperous farming community encircling the village, in some directions to a distance of eight or ten miles. Large and small tradesmen, depart- ment stores and emporiums, all get their share of a prolitable trade and as shown by the reports of the banks and the reporting agencies are most of them in good linancial condition. .A conservative estimate bv one familiar with condi"tions of trade i"i.\es the volume of retail business in Seneca I'"alls armuall\- over a million of dollars. 'Fhe products of the sur- n.iunding country most largely l)rought to Seneca. l-"alls lor shipment consist of grain, apples potatoes, ha\- and vegetables.

This village, the home of the rotary steam fire ens.{in(> and its inventor Fiollv of Hollv writer svstem

through the center of the village, and descends by a series of falls at least forty feet within the village "limits. Three principal falls afford as many levels with adequate construction of raceways f(.r a great amount of water power. The Cayuga and Seneca ' canal also passes through the village affording water shipments east into the Frie canal and west into Seneca lake.

What Seneca Falls has more reason to feel proud of are its large manufacturing plants which run the vear around and give employment to 1500 people, men women and youth, a great deal of which is skilled, labor, (iood authoritv fixes the amount of weekly wages ])aid to the residents of tlie village at approx- unatclv 820,000. This village is without question the largest pump manufacturing place in the world. While power pimips have almost wholly superceded

fllji^'iiii*?

PrudiMi, I'lKito. KAl.L STHKET, NORTH SIDE. LOOKING WEST FROM OVID STUEE'l',

fame, is well jirotected from hres so far as a capable lire department can give it protection. The depart- ment, equip])ed with modern lu'e apparatus and well housed, is a paid department, supplemented by vol- unteer companies, governed l.iy a fire board and operated under the direction of the chief and two assistants.

The village is well lighted bv arc and incandescent lamps and the telephone service is furnished by two separate companies. It has also a good water sys- tem. Unlimited power for generating electric cur- rents for both trolley and lighting purposes is obtained cheaplv bv means of the river and its great falls.

In this respect Seneca Falls is especially favored. Seneca river connecting Seneca and Cayuga lakes — about ten miles apart — as has been stated flows

liantl pumps, the output here has ever continued to grow in volume, so that it is greater than ever.

Pumps of all sizes from a pitcher spout for indi- vidual use to the innnense triplex pump used in mines, elevators, water works and power stations, also fire boat pumps, are manufactured by the Goulds Manufacturing Co., Runisey Manufacturing Co. and the American Fire Engine Co., the Goulds being the largest single institution of its kind in this country.

The Goulds works consist of two, large, separate groups of buildings known as No. i and No. 2. The pumps are shipped all over the world and in large numbers to the great mining regions. This institu- tion also manufactures sprinklers and iire extin- guishers, large and small. This company employs about 500 operatives, the greater number being skilled mechanics.

'GRIP'S" HISTORICAL SOUVENIR OF SENECA FALLS.

The American Fire Engine company, tlie nins; p.\tensi\'e steam fire engine works in the ci^untry is lucated here. They manufacture several kinds of steam fire engines, the .Metrnpolitan being the prin- cipal lue engine thev are now building.

The Seneca I'alls Manufacturing Co. tiirns out fciiit and power lathes; the Seneca Wnnlcn Mills, woolen cloths; the Climax Specialty Co., bicycle parts and iron noselties; the National .\dvertising Co. and the Westcott .lewell Co., wooden novelties; H. W. Knigiit and .'\. W. P>rini, separate establish- ments, metal letters and numerals; the Cileason, Bailey, Sciple Co. elbows and "T's" for gas and steam fitting. The village has three flour and feed grinding mills.

Old Town of Junius.— [liy Diedrich Willers.] In the year 1700, a large tract of land acquired by

.lunious of 60,000 acres and the Skoiyase Reservation of (]()o acres at Waterloo with about 7,500 acres in addition soutii of Seneca river. In i82(), March 26, the legislatiuT divided .hmius into four towns, Seneca Falls, \\'aterloo, T\re anfl .lunius as now omstituted. Spafford's (ia/etteer of New York state, published in iNi 5, from material collected a few years previous (before the erection of the town of Cialen in 1^12) contains the following interesting sketch of the town ol .lunius: ".lunius, a post townsliiji of Senei^a count}', 20 to 33 miles north of 0\'id and icS2 miles northwest from .\lbany on the great road to Niagara, is bounded ncjrth bv the town of Wolcott; east bv Cayuga lake and the Seneca river and the town of Cato; south by the Seneca lake and river and a part f)f Fayette; west by the county of Ontario, (ialen post (jffice is also in this town (at Galen Salt \\()rks). The town is about fifteen miles long, north and south, and about twehe miles wide. The face of the coun-

Prnden, Photo. FALL STREET, SOUTH SIDE, LOOKING WEST FROM OVID STREET.

treatv with the Cayuga and Onondaga Indian tribes, was surveyed and laid out into twenty-eight town- ships calLd the Military Tract [See "Military Tract" elsewhere in this workj. It wa^ not until Feb. 12, 1803. that .lunius was erected as a town from the militarv township of Romulus and included all of the territory of Fayette lying north of the present boundaries of Fayette and extending to Lake Ontario. This territorv of old Junius embraced the four north towns of this county with the present towns of Galen

try level and soil good and well watered. The inliabi- tants are mostly emigrants from the eastern states and New .lersev. There are se\enty-(.>ne looms in families which produce annually 20,-74 y'^rds of cloth. There are some indications of iron ore and several salt springs have been found on the banks of the Seneca river. A manufactory of salt in this town vields a daily average of 150 bushels and an enlarge- ment of the works is contemplated. Junius contains one merchant mill, two grain mills, five or six saw mills, a fulling mill, two distilleries and two cardinc

and Savannah, Wokx)tt, Butler, Rose and Huron m machines and enjoys very good advantages for the Wavne countv. This large territorial area of the erection of extensive water works of every description town of Junius comprised about 210.000 acres of land

In the vear 181 2, Feb. 14, the legislature set off from Junius and organized the town of Galen and reduced Junius to the territory comprising the four north towns of this county— the old military township of

The village of West Cayuga, situated on the west bank of the Cayuga lake about two miles above the outlet, is a pleasant place with sixteen or seventeen houses and stores, formerly connected with Cayuga by the Cayuga bridge of one mile in length. The ferrv is revived and well regulated. Seneca village,

'CldP'S- IllsroK'ICAI. SOrVKNll^ OV SI'M'CA I'AI.I.S.

ill the falls of the Senera river, ii. fast improving and nmsl hccome a bri^k trading place as the country populates. Here i^ a carrying place and Mynderse's nnlls with lifteen hoLises. Junius is happily rircuni- >tanc<'d in regard to hoat.able waters. The Seneca turnpike runs through the town and other public roads tra\ersc it in various directions. There are a coni])Ptent ni.ind)er of ( onnnon school h(nises and schools, two congregations of Presbyterians and one of HafUists but no houses for public worship have yet been erected. In 1810 the populaticm was 2,231 and the number of \oters authorized to \-ote for state senators was 177. The outlet of Canandaigua lake cTo'^ses this town eastward."

The comparisons in this sketch of West Cayuga - the \illage at the east end of Cayuga bridge —with the village of Seneca k.alls, showing the hrst ont- in the lead, reads \er\- strangeK' now as do also the icferenco-. to salt springs which th(" Indians iound

flowing currents of the old Eagle at Waterloo and of the Globe at Seneca kails met and were e\'er at high tide of social and con\i\'ial lile.

In its strong, sturd\' and able men, The Kingdom had much to coniLiiend it. Those who fostered it belie\ed in its future, belie\ed that it was destined to be the center of the legal and com't business of the coimtv. Tliev mapped out portions of it intocil\ lots ;md awaited t-onhdently its gi'owth. lUit the re\'olutions that soon followed in industrial and manufacturing conditions, the destruction of the Cireat Western Distillery in 1^4(1 and the introduc- tion of travel by steam, all forced The Kingdtjm to gi\"p wav to other points of trad^ and business.

The growth of the place fell under three periods. Xow and then a trapper or venturous e.vplorer would row his (-anoe up the ri\er, but the first travel through the section of an\- im[)ortance w'as after the construr- tion of the CaNiiga Lake bridge and the organi/atiou

I'ludcD. I'hoto. FALL STREET, LOOKING EAST FKOM MVNDEKSE STKEl.'J'

near the Lree bridge and between there and Moiit''- /uma or Saxamiah and probabh include the localit\ ol manukicture referred to.

The Kingdom.— [I')y Harrison ChainberlainJ — This little hamlet, boastful and pretentious in the early years of the ]iast century, was located about two miles west of our village. Its christening is wrapped in m3-stery, some claiming that it was so called after a man named King, who built a dam in the outlet or in an adjoining creek and hence from King's dam the place came to be called "The Kingdom". This is a happy, ingenious theory but unfortunately lacks the evidence to sustain it. Others explain that it was so called in very much the same wav that Devil's Half- Acre and Whiskey Hill had received theirs, purely out of jest and in \ iew of well known customs and habits. There is no doubt of the fact that the Kingdom was a jolly, happy place, where the out-

stage Coach pe iod

I this iiK^thod of lit had no rixal.

II iSoS built the \- .lames Lawrence. It house in the county;

whi

am

of the stage coach line, i lencf> tli <aiiie lirst, from i.Soo to iSi^, tra\el and means of de\-p Lewis Hirdsall settletl here brick house now occupied was said to be the hrst brick that the sand and clay of which the brick were made were taken out of the lot and the kilns or pits in which the brick were burnt may still be seen. Just west lived John Knox and John Burton, well known in our history. These men held high positions in the county and state. They were able and brilliant and of their wit and humor many excellent stories are told today. West of the tavern. Col. Jacob Chamber- lain lived. He came into this section with teams of oxen, transporting over the long bridge heavy pieces of cannon, and was so pleased with the country that he took up some two hundred acres of land and actively identified himself with the place. On the south side of the river there was a settlement, though very small and scattering. The place known today

'•GRIPS' HISTORICAL SOUVENIR OF SENECA FALLS.

as the Sweet place was owned by Thomas and Frank Carr. Later on the Carrs sold to Mathew Sisson and then removed to Seneca Falls, where Thomas Carr was for years the owner and manager of the Carr hotel, occup\'ing the site of the present H(iag house. West of the Carr property were the homes of S. Dim- mick, John Babcock, John Perry and others. These men had taken up the land immediately south of the river and thriftv and industrious in their habits they had already developed fine farms with large clear- ings for raising wheat, oats, rve and corn.

The second period came down to 1840. During it the growth on the north side was large. Many new residents had come in, the Lawrences, Reamers, Hers, 1' itts, Harrises, Scotts, Whitmores, Pease, Denistons and others, and some of these people continued to live there down to a time that I can well remember. I particularly recall Thomas R. Lawrence, who came to The Kingdom frtjm Long Island and bought the I'irdsall house He was a mrm well cultured and

line, far more comfoirtable and expeditious than the Sherwood stage became the popular mode of travel. At the lock Stephen Smith built a house and grocerv and large barns for the accommodation of the boat- men, and his son, Reuben Smith, built a house next to him. ,Iohn Babcock put up a grist mill, plaster and clover mill and adjoining was a yard for build- ing boats. Deacon John Fitts, who was now land- lord of the tavern, with a Mr. Gilbert, erected a wool carding and cloth factory. Matthew Sisson was operating a brewery and malt-house and supplving all the country about with beer. The effect of these industries was immediate in attracting both people and capital. The population about the locks doubled manv times. There were the JoUeys, Colwells, Alle- mans, Warners and many other new comers. It was towards the close of this period, or late in the year 183 1, when my father, Jacob P. Chamberlain, moved down from Varick and settled on the Dimmick farm immediately south of the river bridge. He remained

Piuden, Photo. FALL STREET, SOUTH SIDE, LOOKING WEST FROM OPPOSITE THE POSTOFFICE.

inifiniiPfi, of stateK' bearing and always dressed neatly in black. He was ver\' fond of hshing and on pleasant days it was his habit of coming to the river bridge with his pole and line.

The important additions, during this period, on the nort^ side, were the building of a saw mill and turning shop, a cooper shop and grist mill. This was made possible by changes in the navigtion of the river. A lock had been constructed with a fall of 4 to 5 feet of water. On the berm side a strip of land had been extended up the river, thus dividing the canal from the river and creating hydraulic sites that gave a stimulus to the in\'estment of capital in manufacturing enterprises. On the south side of the river, about the locks, the effect was even more marked. The free navigation of the river, opening a water carriage all along eastward to tide water was an era in the development of this section. Boats were built for freight and passengers. The packet

here till the year 1843 when he bought the lower Mynderse mills and moved to Seneca F'alls.

The third period, from 1840, was notable for the construction of the Great Western Distillery. If I should describe to you its size, the ground it covered and the number of bushels of wheat, rye, oats and corn consumed daily you would admit that even in comparison with our great enterprises of today it would stand out in grand proportions. At that day it was simply a wonder and there was nothing like it. Its original promoters were Col. Jacob Chamberlain, Pickney, Lee and Dodge. It was erected in 1841, after the most approved plans. The large boilers were made of copper and also the large pumps, used for supplying the fermenting vats and for conducting the spirits. The cost of such appliances, when you consider the value of the material may be readily imagined. In fact to install this plant and put it into operation, the expenditure ran so high that it

'C.KII'S- HlSTOIxMCAI. SOIX'IAIK OF Sl'AI'.CA I'AI.I.S.

tlic carh- Ikhiic ( if ,I( i^cpli Smith, the fciiiiclcr nl' Mer- lin nii'-m, and w as w hire he hi'st [irdmiil^atpd liis "in- sjiircd ciortiincs" and "in- ti rpi'ctfd" thi' "d 1 \ i II f wdiil" from the ,t;iiklrii platrs \\hi<h iihIxkK' excr saw. Just cast 111 till' ta\pni and adjnininf,' the Ivramer hL'i('l\sm i t li shop, there stood in tlle tiftli's a small story and a hall house. I re nember it very well, and can recall the fact that th(> neighbr)rs spoke of it as the house where .losejih Smith, the lounder of Mornionism, lived lor a while m the fall I if iNj ]. .\ more com- plete description of Sniitli IS ,t;i\en elsewhere.

Military Tract.- Ihe

leL;isla tLire 1)\' the act of .lul\- Jt, 17S2, created the Oh'l.Military Tract as it was

w as lorn 111 ne( 1 ssar\ to hriui^ mlo the sclirme I Immas 1 a lied. It 1 1 mla lued 1 .Soo.ooo acres anil included the and l.e\i I' at/mf.;'er and .losi-jih Wright III \\'ateiioo. present loLinties of Onondaga, Cortland, Ca\uga, It was the crowning business, effort carrying the, Tomjjk-ins .ind Seneca (e.xcept a strij) across the plai e, dLiriiig the hirties, to its height of piospcrity. southern end of Cortland ciumt\', west from the .\laii\ new families had come here. Thisc were the lioughnioga n\i-r, about a mile and a half wide), llo]ikins, C'linkeys and others. The tavern had and all of Wavne count\ east of Oreat Sodus }^a\- grown; it had become in a true s-nse a hotel with and ( )sw'ego count\ west of the ( )swego ri\-er. iirst-cl.ass accommodations, and its landlord, (ieorge '" this tract there were jN townships, called "Mili-

ta\- towns" to distinguish them from the towns after- wards created in erecting the counties enclosing them. In 178(1 the legislature created a new niilitar\- tract, Within a stone's throw of the ta\ern was the builil- 7(i.S,o(X) acres in the coimties of Clinton, l''ranklin mg usrd fill a school during the week and on Sunda_\- and Esse.x which was laid out in twcKe towns, alternoons lor sacred service, 'i'he plan of thrashing bringing the total number up to f'O. bach was laid ideas into obstinate and dull br.inis at tliat time was out as nearU' -quare as practical, a\-eraging about rather hard upon the scholar, yet w onderfully sue- 'rj mile,s square and containing each 100 lots of boo

I'nulen, I'hiiln.

SI'ATK STKKKT, LAWNS ON THE WEST SIDE, l,()(»KIN(i SOI TH NEAR I'OKTEH STKEET.

:\une\', had constructed a hall mile rai ■Ncelled in Central New ^'ork.

uirse, not

^ful. I want to introduce to \oli our who t.iught in this school for a term, not even m intimation that the birch ]>la\ed a greater part than the test book, but for the fact that Amelia |enks, alterwards Mis. j'lloomei-, connected

I he K ingdom with 1 me 1 if the great progressiN (' and social mo\-emenls of the centurv. Soon b\' contri- butions of her jKMi she came to be known far iind wide as a strong thinker on questions of dress, social

and temperance reforms. She was active in the Washingtonian Temper- ance movement in 1840; and later on with I.ucretia .\liitt and I'di/abeth Cad\ Stanton and Susan li. Anthony in secLiring the modilications in the law by which woman was given in her own ritrlit a

to the lot

total of (id, (x:o acres. Tb.e towns

legal standing.

The Kingdom was als

I'l-vulcn, Plioto.

STATE .-^TKEET LAWNS, (»N THE WEST SIDE, LOOKING NORTH NEAR CHAPEL STREET.

SOrX'l'AIU OF SKNia'A FAIJ.S.

'fiiden. Plif^to.

FALL STKEET, LAWNS ON THE NORTH SIDE, NEAR UPPER BRIDGE LOOKING EAST.

verc nuinbcred and ^M\en flassical names all ol' vhich have been retained (as far as tlie supplv would ^u) in the re-t'(.)nstituted towns. I'^xcept where thev ■oincided with county lines, none oE the original boundaries were preser\'ed, each "'niilitarv" town supplying territory for two or three re-organized owns. The onlv "niilitarv" town overlapping a 'ountv line is that of Sterling which contributed erritory for both Wayne and Cayuga counties Th- lumbering of the towns began with Lvsander (in )nondaga county) near the north-east corner of that ract (the second "military" town south of Lake )ntario) and was carried south going from east to A'est.

riie touns, placed in the order in which thev were lumbered, together with the counties which ha\e dnce absorbed them, are as ollows: No, I, Lysander, )nondaga; 2, Hannibal, 3swego; 3, Cato, Cayuga; [., Brutus, Cax'uga; 3, Janiillus, Onondaga; (>. Jicero, Onondaga; 7,Man- ius, Onondaga; 8, Amc- ius, Cayuga; 9, Manellus, .)nondaga; 10, Pompe\ , Onondaga; 11, Romulus, Seneca; 12, Scipio,Cavuga;

13, Senipronious, Cayuga;

14, Tally, Onondaga; 15, Fabius, Onondaga; 16, 3vid, Seneca; 17, Milton, wayuga; 18, Lock e, Jayuga; ig, Homer, Cort- and; 20, Solon, CV>rtland: !i. Hector, Scfiuyler; 22, LMysses, Tompkins; 25, Dryden, Tompkins;. 24, ^'irgil, Cortland; 23, Cin- 'innatus, Cortland; 2(1, lunius, Seneca; 27, tialcn, Wayne; 28,Sterling, Wayne ind Cayuga.

The Federal government having ofl'ered lands in the west to the soldiers of the revolution, the state laid out the nnlitar\- tracts to ke(4) as man\- here as possible, offering a bonus i>r 100 acres to privates who wc )uld relinquish thei 1 western claims and accept this oiler of hoo acres of land in this state before July I, 1790. The state reserved in each town two lots for schools, two for churches and two to be distributed among com- missioned officers. The allotment of lands was U) be made by drawing.

In default of a settlement on each 600 acres within seven years the land was to revert to the state. Fiftv acres of each lot called the "survey iifty" was subjec-t lit shillings ($6.00) to pav

to the charge of I'ortx for sLU"\'eving, and if that were not paid in two vears the "sur\e\- liftv" was to be sold. Compliance -\\ith these two main conditions ga\(' the patentee full title to the whole boo acres.

The distribution of lots occurred July 3, 1790, under the direction of the governor, lieutenaiit-go\'ernor and four state ofhcers. The names of the claimants of the land were placed on ballots in one box and numbers corresponding to the allotments were placed on ballots in another box. The person appointed b\' the commissioners first drew the ballot containing a name and then the ballot containing the immber of the lot; in which manner each claimant's allotment was dete'mined.

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Piiideu, Photo.

CAYUGA STREET, NEAR PROSPECT STREET— LAWNS ON THE WEST SIDE, LOOKING NORTH.

'GRIP'S" HISTORICAL SOUVENIR OF SENECA FALLS.

Jesuit Missions: their Beginning Among the Savages of Central New York; the Adventures of the French Priests who Attempted to Chris- tianize the Indians:

On Sunday Sept. 12. 1(13,5, there was lield a great cDunril between the Frencli and the Iroquois Indians at Ouebec. Monsieur de I.auson was the French governor who claimed for I'rance all of the territory now comprising Central and Western New York. I'jghteen Indian chiefs from the ( )nondagas, Oneidas, Cavugas and Senecas (wliich with the Mohawks were known bv the I''rench as the Iroquois and by the English as the five nations) had come to Ouebec- to give assurance that afti-r two years of war with the F'rencdi, those four nations were peaceably inclined. The Mohawks had refused to join in

the "black robes" should bring these Indians with them, and in fact began their address to the French governor by directing their remarks to them.

'■"^'ou ha\e wept too much," the Iroquois chief said, addressing the converted savages who sat about liim. "It is time to wipe away the tears shed so plentifull\- by vou over the death of those whom you have lost in war." This was a subtle reminder of the powTr of the speaker's naticm and the helpless- ness of those whom he addressed; a sort of hint as to what the latter might expect were they to oppose the plan which the Iroquois ambassadors had come to present to their protectors. This cunning speech he followed with a proffer of peace — "Here is a hand- kerchief," said the wilv chief, "to wipe awav thi^se tears." The handkerchief w-as the hrst present thi-x- offered these poor tribes thev had so cruellv sacrihced. It was followed b\- se\en <ither presents- -to wipe out

I'nideu, Photo.

N. Y. C. Station. Lehlg-h Valley Station.

RAILWAY STATIONS AND LANDMARKS.

Ovid Street, lookin Bayard Street,

g- North from Bayard Street, (oldest building in town.) looking West from Ovid Street, (old engine house.)

proffers of peace. These savages were gathered at the council with the request that the French should send to their country "the black robes" [Jesuit priests] and bring them their Huron and Algonqum converts — two northern tribes which the Iroquois had con- quered and had been fully determined to exterminate. I he custom of the Iroquois was often to incorpora:e into their (jwn tribes those which they had defeated. Parkman attributes their strange request in this instance to their desire to get the Algonquins and Hurons in their power and massacre them. These two unfortunate nations were the first to profit bv the Jesuit teachings and had become accustomed to looking to the priests and their soldiers for protec- tion from the Iroquois which the former were unable to give.

.At this coimcil thr Iroquois chiefs demanded that

the l)lood of those nations, to take away all thoughts of war, to wrest from their hands hatchets, bows and arrows, to expel from their hearts bitterness, to open their ears to words of peace, to give assurance that the Iroquois were peacefully inclined.

Having paid his respects to the Indian wards of the French this Iroquois statesman turned his attention to the latter, to whom he presented 22 presents. One among them was to accompany a request for the Jesuit fathers to teach their children and bring with them their Huron and Algonquin converts.

The French distrusted these professions — and with good reason — but it was decided that to v\in all they nmst venture all, so just seven days later the Iroquois ambassadors set out upon their return accompanied bv two of the bravest and most unselfish of these

'C.RIPS" HIS roRICAL SOUVEXIR OF SEXECA EAELS.

fjood missionaries. Fathers Joseph Chaumonot and Claude Dablon.

Theirs was the \er\- hrst of Jesuit pravers and offices offered up midst the dark and distant recesses of a country infested by a treacherous people, such as were then the Onondagas and their sister nations on the west the Cayugas and Senecas.

It was on Sept. 19, 1655, that the party in canoes began the ascent of the St. Lawrence river. After meeting with many adventures in which their lives were often in danger, they, on Oct. 26, entered Lake Ontario and on the 29th reached the mouth of the Salmon river. On Nov. i they started overland, hd- lowing the Indian trail to the Oneida river which they reached on the 3d, near Oneida lake. Thence they proceeded southeast to the main \illages of the Onondagas called by them Onontague [near Man- lius] which they reached on the 5th.

Here thev were recei\-ed with ro^■al welccMue and

that the Jesuits began to believe that "God's pro- vidence " had appeared "most wonderful".

vStill mistrusting the savages the French had held back all winter; but now they must act. A journey to Quebec — a long, fearful journey through the wilderness in mid-winter — must be made to bring over the people and means for a settlement or the mission must be abandoned.

Father Claude Dablon volunteered the perilous trip and accompanied by Jean Baptiste and other converted Indians the party on March 2 set out on foot. On reaching Oneida lake thev attempted to cross on the ice, which they finally succeeded in dr)ing near the west end where the distance from shore to shore was five miles. They stumbled along north- ward until they reached Salmon river. There they followed the shore of Ontario lake north to Hender- son bay which thev crossed on the ice. But the. mouth (if Black river was open and they ascended

Pruden. Photo.

Lawns, East side, looking North. East side, North from Fall street.

STATE STREET VIEWS.

At Hoag- House, looking- North. West side, looking South from the railroad.

here they spent the long winter months that ensueil. Thev received every token of fidelity from the four nations, representatives of the Oneidas, Cayugas and Senecas coming hither to offer homage and invoke the presence of the missionaries with those nations. But seemingly the expectations of the Iroquois had not been fulfilled. They soon began to question why the French had not brought the great number of northern Indians with them and made a settlement. Late in February 1656, at a notable council, the Iroquois declared that at last they were tired of post- I ponements. "If the affair were not settled now," they said, "it would be needless to think any more about it, for they would break with us [the French] entirely." They even declared that they were "believers," and so effective were their protestations

that stream three miles before they found it ice-bound where they were able to effect a crossing. Then they returned to the lake and finally ventured to pursue their course on the ice which they found they could do by not getting more than three leagues from land. Xine days they had been tra\eling mostly in rain storms which had come with the approach of spring. For eight days they traveled on the ice of the lake and St. Lawrence river. On March 30 they reached Montreal and safety.

After hardships tod severe to be portrayed one of the brave Jesuits had got back to his friends. But he was yet to encounter greater perils. He must return with recruits for the new mission. What then! The Iroquois were sworn enemies of the French and yet they had begged them to settle among them. Until Dablon's return there were mystery and apprp-

Piiiden, Photo. PRETTY RESIDENTIAL STREETS.

Garden, North side, hxiking- West. Water, looking- West from Pall Street.

Hridg-e, looking North from Bayard Street. Bayard. East from Ovid Street.

Walnut, West side, looking South. Bayard, West tnini Miiniford Street.

East Bayard, South side, h)oking- East.

Ovid, East side, looking- South.

"GRIP'S" HISTORICAL SOUVENIR OF SEXECA FALLS.

13

hension at Quebec regarding the two Jesuits buried in the midst of hostile pagans hundreds of miles inland, whith their superiors at Quebec hoping for the best must wait to solve. At last Dablon nearlv dead from hunger and exposure totters in among them and they must decide at once to send more brave men perhaps to a horrible death, or abandon the brave Chaumonot to a terrible fate.

But the die is cast and as soon as plans can be effected Father Dablon must return to his lonely companion at Onondaga bringing with him Fathers Francois le Mercier, Rene Menard and Jacques Fremlin with two Jesuit lay brothers and hftv I'Venchmen attending.

They left Quebec iMay 17, 1656, returning by the usual route as far as Salmon river. There they were laid up three days waiting for food which thev had sent to the Onondagas to procure, and hnallv in a famishing condition took their departure bv water for Oswego so as to follow that river. This is what gave to the Salmon river the name la Famine — a place of famine.

That was the beginning of a series of trials which overtook the founders of the first mission among the Onondagas and terminated in disaster by v^hich they narrowly escaped destruction. Xot strong enough the to follow the trail and keeping to the water, party, ascending Oswego river, reached Onondaga lake July II, 1656. "On an eminence commanding the lake and all surrounding places", is the most detmite manner in which they describe where the mission was located. But historians are agreed that it was near Liverpool near which were an abundance of fresh water springs spoken of by the Jesuits.

Near the Jesuit chapel which they erected the French soldiers put up a residence for the Jesuits which they named Sainte Marie of Oannenta [the name they gave to the lakej. This became the par- ent mission for those that were established among the Cayuga and Seneca Indians.

Here in July, 1656, was planted the seed that sprang forth and lor a time grew. Here was the stem. The branches reached off among the Oneidas, Cayugas and Senecas. None of these missions, how- ever, endured any length of time. The English claimed the country and becoming more powerful than the French, secured the alliance of the savages who iinally drove out the Jesuits. .\ wierd, romantic event was that of the desertion of the Onondaga mission and consequently of the outlying missions. The fathers on the banks of Onondaga lake,